Archive/ The Vault/The Book of the Law

The Vault · Manuscripts & Codices

The Book of the Law: Three Days in Cairo

In the archive

Held
The handwritten manuscript survives in private hands; facsimiles have been published since 1938
Date evidence
Written in Cairo on 8, 9 and 10 April 1904
Era
Era IX · The Modern Age
In the archive
Theosophy & the Occult Revival

In March 1904, in Cairo, Rose Kelly, the wife of the English occultist Aleister Crowley, fell into what he called a trance and told him that the god Horus was waiting for him. To test her, he took her to the museum and asked her to find Horus. She walked past several images and stopped at a small painted wooden stele of a priest named Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu standing before the falcon-headed god. Its museum number was 666, the number of the Beast of Revelation, which Crowley had taken as his own. On 8, 9 and 10 April, at noon, Crowley sat at a desk in their rooms and, he said, wrote down the words of a voice that spoke from behind him. The result was Liber AL vel Legis, the Book of the Law.

Open the book

Three days, three voices, and the objects around them.

Liber AL vel Legis. The Book of the Law, sub figura CCXX Its Latin title; 'AL' is also read as a Hebrew word for God, and CCXX (220) is the number of its verses.

The stele. In March 1904 Crowley's wife Rose led him to a painted funerary stele of the Egyptian priest Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu in the Cairo museum. Its inventory number was 666. Crowley called it the Stele of Revealing.

8 April · Nuit. "Every man and every woman is a star." Chapter I, spoken by Nuit, goddess of the night sky (I:3).

9 April · Hadit. The second chapter speaks as Hadit, the point at the centre of Nuit's infinite circle. Chapter II.

10 April · Ra-Hoor-Khuit. The third chapter speaks as Ra-Hoor-Khuit, a warlike form of Horus, announcing a new age, the Aeon of Horus. Chapter III.

The Law. "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law." · "Love is the law, love under will." I:40 and I:57.

1909. The lost manuscript is found in the attic of Boleskine House in Scotland while Crowley is looking for his skis. It is printed that year. The book's own story of its survival.

    Study the object

    The manuscript belongs to its holders; the 1904 text is widely published.

    The holding institution's own viewers

    Paste any IIIF manifest into the viewer to study published images; it needs JavaScript.

    The book

    • Three chapters, one for each day, written in an hour each, on 65 sheets of paper.
    • Chapter I speaks as Nuit, the goddess of the night sky; chapter II as Hadit, the point at her centre; chapter III as Ra-Hoor-Khuit, a warlike form of Horus.
    • Crowley named the speaker Aiwass, a "praeterhuman intelligence", and regarded the book as a revelation announcing a new age, the Aeon of Horus.
    • Its key sayings: "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law" (I:40), "Love is the law, love under will" (I:57), and "Every man and every woman is a star" (I:3). In Thelema, "will" means one's true purpose, not whim.

    Lost and found

    Crowley was at first reluctant to follow the book. The manuscript was mislaid, and in 1909 he found it in the attic of his house, Boleskine, on Loch Ness, while looking for a pair of skis. He took this as a sign and published the text that year. The book forbids any change to its text, and printed editions have since included a facsimile of the handwriting, errors and corrections included.

    Symbology and sacred encoding

    Numbers and letters. Crowley used gematria constantly, and the book itself invites it: it says a later "child" will find its key, and verses such as II:76 give strings of letters and numbers never explained. Its number, 220, is the count of its verses.

    The stele. The Stele of Revealing (Cairo Museum, A 9422) is a genuine funerary stele of the 25th–26th Dynasty, about the seventh century BCE, showing the priest before Ra-Horakhty under the arching sky goddess Nut. Crowley had its texts translated and worked them into the book. The 666 is its inventory number in the museum's old Bulaq register, a coincidence that Crowley read as a sign.

    The unicursal hexagram. Thelema's emblem, a six-pointed star drawn in a single line, was popularised by Crowley; its earlier history is unclear.

    Connections

    Theosophy & the Occult Revival (ch37). Compare the Book of Shadows (V72), which borrowed from it, the Emerald Tablet (V03) for another text claimed as revelation, and the Papyrus of Ani (V20) for the Egypt it drew on.

    ✦ The evidence, honestly

    What's well supported by the evidence

    • A handwritten text produced by Crowley in Cairo on 8–10 April 1904, published from 1909, and the scripture of Thelema.
    • The stele is a real Egyptian object with museum number 666.

    What is not supported

    • That the text was dictated by a non-human being. That is Crowley's account and a matter of faith; no outside evidence can test it.

    What's genuinely open

    • How much Crowley shaped the text consciously, and Rose Kelly's role in it.

    Sources

    The book

    The stele

    Studies

    • L. Sutin, Do What Thou Wilt: A Life of Aleister Crowley (St Martin's Press, 2000)
    • R. Kaczynski, Perdurabo: The Life of Aleister Crowley, rev. ed. (North Atlantic Books, 2010)